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PAFnow Data Model Specification

The PAFnow Data Model in a generic PAFnow Report consists of four tables: A transformed EventLog-table, a Cases-table, a FilterOr-table and a FilterAnd-table.

Data Model

The first two tables in the data model consist of Default Columns, Power BI Calculated Columns, and Power BI Measures. Default Columns are calculated by means of an SQL Script, an SSIS Package, or the PAFnow Companion. Power BI Calculated Columns and Measures must be inserted into the reports by the report designer.

The last two tables are Power BI Calculated Tables that must be added by the report designer.

The column names of each table including descriptions and properties are explained below.

Event Log in PAFnow Format

This table contains event based information and is used to start various PAFnow Custom Visuals e.g. you can add ActivityName and ActivityNameTarget to start the Process Explorer.

Default Columns

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Common Fields ActivityName The activity name of the event. string
PAFnow Common Fields ActivityNameTarget The activity name of the next event. string
PAFnow Common Fields CaseId The unique case identifier. int64
PAFnow Edge Attributes Duration The total lead time between two adjacent events in seconds. Includes activity execution time (if set). int64
PAFnow Edge Attributes DurationIdle The total idle time between two activities. Excludes activity execution time. If activity duration is not set in the event log, Duration and DurationIdle will be the same. int64
PAFnow Edge Attributes Loop Whether the current activity occurs for at least the second time in the case. Can be used in the PAFnow Process Explorer as an edge highlight. int64
PAFnow Edge Attributes SelfLoop Whether the next activity is the same as the current. int64
PAFnow Event Attributes Automatic Whether or not the event has been automatically executed. For instance, by an RPA bot. int64
PAFnow Event Attributes Cost A variable indicating cost per event. Has no implicit unit. Represents the Cost-column from EventLog. double
PAFnow Event Attributes DurationActivity The total execution time of an activity. Is calculated from Timestamp to TimestampEnd. int64
PAFnow Event Attributes EventNumber The position of an event in the case. Start event will have number 1. int64
PAFnow Event Attributes IsRework Indicates that this activity already occurred earlier in the case. int64
PAFnow Event Attributes Resource The resource executing the event. Represents the Resource-column from the event log. string
PAFnow Event Attributes TimestampDate The date on which the execution of the event has been started. See TimestampTime. dateTime
PAFnow Event Attributes TimestampDateEnd The date on which the execution of the event has ended. If no end time is given in the event log this will be the same as TimestampDate, resulting in 0s execution time. dateTime
PAFnow Event Attributes TimestampTime The time on which the execution of the event has been started. See TimestampDate. dateTime
PAFnow Event Attributes TimestampTimeEnd The time on which the execution of the event has ended. If no end time is given in the event log this will be the same as TimestampTime, resulting in 0s execution time. dateTime
PAFnow Next Event Attributes TimestampTargetDate The date on which the execution of the next activity has started. See TimestampTargetTime. dateTime
PAFnow Next Event Attributes TimestampTargetDateEnd The date on which the execution of the next activity has ended. If no end time is given in the event log this will be the same as TimestampDateEnd, resulting in 0s execution time. dateTime
PAFnow Next Event Attributes TimestampTargetTime The time on which the execution of the next activity has started. See TimestampTargetDate. dateTime
PAFnow Next Event Attributes TimestampTargetTimeEnd The time on which the execution of the next activity has ended. If no end time is given in the event log this will be the same as TimestampTimeEnd, resulting in 0s execution time. dateTime

Power BI Calculated Columns

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Edge Attributes Edge Helper column for FilterAnd- and FilterOr-tables. string
PAFnow Edge Attributes IsLoopsOrSelfLoops This calculated column puts a flag whether a activity has either a loop or a selfloop (1) or not (0). int64

Power BI Measures

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Common Fields Variants To enable the slider in the Process Explorer, drag this measure into the Variants-bucket of the Process Explorer. string
PAFnow Measures DurationAtActivityEnd This measure is used in the PAFnow Lead Time Calculator. double
PAFnow Measures DurationAtActivityStart This measure is used in the PAFnow Lead Time Calculator. double
PAFnow Measures Probability Transition probability for one activity directly following another. Can be used in the PAFnow Process Explorer as an edge highlight or edge tooltip. double

Cases

As the name implies, this table contains case-related information with a cardinality of '1:n', where the CaseId is contained as a foreign key in the table EventLog.

This table holds summary information about the cases found in the event log.

You can extend the PAFnow Data Model and connect additional case attributes via the CaseId.

Default Columns

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Case Attributes AutomationRate The average automation rate for a case based on the Automatic-column in the event log. double
PAFnow Case Attributes CaseId The unique case identifier. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes Duration The total lead time in seconds. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes DurationDays The total lead time in days. double
PAFnow Case Attributes EndActivity The last activity of each case. string
PAFnow Case Attributes EndDate The date (day, month, and year) on which the case has ended. Also see EndDateMonth and EndTime. dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes EndTime The time on which the case has ended. Also see EndDate. dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes HappyPath If the Happy Path is Happy you will see all the variants that start with the most frequent start activity (Happy Start) and end with the most frequent end activity (Happy End). All other variants are Not Happy. string
PAFnow Case Attributes NumActivities Distinct number of activity names. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes NumEvents Total number of events (process steps) in the case (i.e., a case with loops will have higher number of events than activity names). int64
PAFnow Case Attributes NumLoops Number of loops in the case. Self-loops do not count up this number. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes NumResources Number of resources of a case based on the column Resource of the EventLog. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes NumSelfLoops Number of self-loops for the case. Loops do not count up this number. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes PathId Relationship column for FilterAnd- and FilterOr-tables. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes StartActivity The first activity of each case. string
PAFnow Case Attributes StartDate The date (day, month, and year) on which the case has started. Also see StartDateMonth and StartTime. dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes StartTime The time on which the case has started. dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes TotalCost The total cost of your case based on the column Cost from the EventLog. double
PAFnow Case Attributes VariantId The unique order of activities in the case. Most frequent variant will be number 1. int64
PAFnow Case Attributes VariantIsUnique Whether the case variant is unique among all cases. Can be 1 (variant is unique) or 0 (variant is not unique). int64

Power BI Calculated Columns

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Case Attributes EndDateMonth The date (month and year) on which the case has ended. Also see EndDate and EndTime.
This column is needed for the Report Server-version.
dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes GroupAutomationRate The calculated column creates bins for the automation rate of cases. It can be used for visualizations, e.g. as an axis for a bar chart. string
PAFnow Case Attributes GroupDuration The calculated column creates bins for the total lead time of cases. It can be used for visualizations, e.g. as an axis for a bar chart. string
PAFnow Case Attributes GroupProcessSteps The calculated column creates bins for the total number of process steps of cases. It can be used for visualizations, e.g. as an axis for a bar chart. string
PAFnow Case Attributes HasLoopsOrSelfLoops This calculated column puts a flag whether a case has either a loop or a selfloop (1) or not (0). int64
PAFnow Case Attributes LongDuration Cases with a duration in bin (g) of GroupDuration. string
PAFnow Case Attributes StartDateMonth The date (month and year) on which the case has started. Also see StartDate and StartTime.
This column is needed for Report Server-version.
dateTime
PAFnow Case Attributes StartDateYear The year on which the case has started. Also see StartDate and StartTime.
This column is needed for Report Server-version.
int64
PAFnow Case Attributes VariantIsUniqueText Whether the case variant is unique among all cases. Can be Yes (variant is unique) or No (variant is not unique). string

Power BI Measures

Folder Name Description DataType
PAFnow Measures #Cases The constant number of all cases in the event log. Does not change the number on any filter. int64
PAFnow Measures #Events The constant number of all events in the event log. Does not change the number on any filter. int64
PAFnow Measures #Variants The constant number of all variants in the event log. Does not change the number on any filter. int64
PAFnow Measures AverageAutomationRate The average automation rate for the whole process, based on the Automatic-column in the EventLog. double
PAFnow Measures AverageAutomationRatePrevMonth The average automation rate in the previous month, based on the measure AverageAutomationRate. double
PAFnow Measures AverageNumResourcesPerStep The average number of resources per step for the whole process, based on the Resource-column in the EventLog. double
PAFnow Measures AverageNumResourcesPerStepPrevMonth The average number of resources per process steps in the previous month, based on the measure AverageNumResourcesPerStep. double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWith(Self)Loops Percentage of your cases which have either loops or selfloops. double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWith(Self)LoopsPrevMonth Percentage of your cases which have either loops or selfloops in the previous month based on the measure PercentCasesWith(Self)Loops. double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWithLongDuration Percentage of your cases with a duration equal or longer as calculated in GroupDuration in category (g). double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWithLongDurationPrevMonth Percentage of your cases with a duration equal or longer as calculated in GroupDuration from the previous month based on the measure PercentCasesWithLongDuration. double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWithManyProcessSteps Percentage of your cases with process steps equal or higher as calculated in GroupProcessSteps in category (g). double
PAFnow Measures PercentCasesWithManyProcessStepsPrevMonth Percentage of your cases with process steps equal or higher as calculated in GroupProcessSteps in category (g) in the previous month based on the measure PercentCasesWithManyProcessSteps. double
PAFnow Measures PercentSelectedCases Percentage of your selected/displayed cases. It is used for the gauge visualizations, e.g., in the Discovery. double
PAFnow Measures PercentSelectedVariants Percentage of your selected/displayed variants. It is used for the gauge visualizations, e.g., in the Discovery. double
PAFnow Measures PercentUniqueVariants Percentage of your unique variants, i.e., variants with only one case. double
PAFnow Measures PercentUniqueVariantsPrevMonth Percentage of your unique variants in the previous month based on the measure PercentUniqueVariants. double
PAFnow Measures Top1VariantCoverage Percentage of your cases covered by the most frequent variant. If not filtered, variant with ID 1 is the most frequent. double

Power BI Calculated Tables

These Power BI Calculated Tables, explicitly FilterAnd and FilterOr, are necessary to use filter capabilities of the Process Explorer* and do not require further explanation.